2026-07 - W2

The Full Stack of Terminals Explained: Terminal, Shell, TTY, Console, POSIX, ANSI Escapes, PTYs, Raw/Canonical Modes

Problem	Which layer?
Colors look wrong	Terminal
Tab completion broke	Shell
SSH session acting strange	TTY
GUI is dead, need to log in	Console
Script works in bash not zsh	Shell
Font rendering is ugly	Terminal
Ctrl+C not killing process	TTY / Line Discipline
TUI app not getting keypresses	termios (Raw Mode)
Screen flickers on redraw	Buffering
Layout breaks on window resize	SIGWINCH handling